nixpkgs/nixos/doc/manual/configuration/package-mgmt.xml

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<chapter xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-package-management">
<title>Package Management</title>
<para>This section describes how to add additional packages to your
system. NixOS has two distinct styles of package management:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para><emphasis>Declarative</emphasis>, where you declare
what packages you want in your
<filename>configuration.nix</filename>. Every time you run
<command>nixos-rebuild</command>, NixOS will ensure that you get a
consistent set of binaries corresponding to your
specification.</para></listitem>
<listitem><para><emphasis>Ad hoc</emphasis>, where you install,
upgrade and uninstall packages via the <command>nix-env</command>
command. This style allows mixing packages from different Nixpkgs
versions. Its the only choice for non-root
users.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<xi:include href="declarative-packages.xml" />
<xi:include href="ad-hoc-packages.xml" />
</chapter>