doc/builders/images/*.xml: Convert to markdown

This commit is contained in:
Bobby Rong 2021-04-22 23:56:11 +08:00
parent 9e400a8b93
commit 228276fbd0
7 changed files with 121 additions and 203 deletions

View file

@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
<para>
This chapter describes tools for creating various types of images.
</para>
<xi:include href="images/appimagetools.xml" />
<xi:include href="images/appimagetools.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="images/dockertools.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="images/ocitools.section.xml" />
<xi:include href="images/snaptools.xml" />
<xi:include href="images/snaptools.section.xml" />
</chapter>

View file

@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
# pkgs.appimageTools {#sec-pkgs-appimageTools}
`pkgs.appimageTools` is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, `pkgs.appimage-run` can be used as well.
::: warning
The `appimageTools` API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
:::
## AppImage formats {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats}
There are different formats for AppImages, see [the specification](https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format) for details.
- Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
- Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
They can be told apart with `file -k`:
```ShellSession
$ file -k type1.AppImage
type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
$ file -k type2.AppImage
type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
```
Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an `ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem`, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
## Wrapping {#ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping}
Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use `wrapType1` or `wrapType2`.
```nix
appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
name = "patchwork";
src = fetchurl {
url = "https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
sha256 = "1blsprpkvm0ws9b96gb36f0rbf8f5jgmw4x6dsb1kswr4ysf591s";
};
extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ];
}
```
- `name` specifies the name of the resulting image.
- `src` specifies the AppImage file to extract.
- `extraPkgs` allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
- Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running `patchelf` and `ldd` on its executables. This can also be done in `appimage-run`, by setting `APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash`.
- Running `strace -vfefile` on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.

View file

@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="sec-pkgs-appimageTools">
<title>pkgs.appimageTools</title>
<para>
<varname>pkgs.appimageTools</varname> is a set of functions for extracting and wrapping <link xlink:href="https://appimage.org/">AppImage</link> files. They are meant to be used if traditional packaging from source is infeasible, or it would take too long. To quickly run an AppImage file, <literal>pkgs.appimage-run</literal> can be used as well.
</para>
<warning>
<para>
The <varname>appimageTools</varname> API is unstable and may be subject to backwards-incompatible changes in the future.
</para>
</warning>
<section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-formats">
<title>AppImage formats</title>
<para>
There are different formats for AppImages, see <link xlink:href="https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageSpec/blob/74ad9ca2f94bf864a4a0dac1f369dd4f00bd1c28/draft.md#image-format">the specification</link> for details.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Type 1 images are ISO 9660 files that are also ELF executables.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Type 2 images are ELF executables with an appended filesystem.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
They can be told apart with <command>file -k</command>:
</para>
<screen>
<prompt>$ </prompt>file -k type1.AppImage
type1.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'AppImage' (Lepton 3.x), scale 0-0,
spot sensor temperature 0.000000, unit celsius, color scheme 0, calibration: offset 0.000000, slope 0.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=d629f6099d2344ad82818172add1d38c5e11bc6d, stripped\012- data
<prompt>$ </prompt>file -k type2.AppImage
type2.AppImage: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV) (Lepton 3.x), scale 232-60668, spot sensor temperature -4.187500, color scheme 15, show scale bar, calibration: offset -0.000000, slope 0.000000 (Lepton 2.x), scale 4111-45000, spot sensor temperature 412442.250000, color scheme 3, minimum point enabled, calibration: offset -75402534979642766821519867692934234112.000000, slope 5815371847733706829839455140374904832.000000, dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.18, BuildID[sha1]=79dcc4e55a61c293c5e19edbd8d65b202842579f, stripped\012- data
</screen>
<para>
Note how the type 1 AppImage is described as an <literal>ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem</literal>, and the type 2 AppImage is not.
</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-appimageTools-wrapping">
<title>Wrapping</title>
<para>
Depending on the type of AppImage you're wrapping, you'll have to use <varname>wrapType1</varname> or <varname>wrapType2</varname>.
</para>
<programlisting>
appimageTools.wrapType2 { # or wrapType1
name = "patchwork"; <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-1' />
src = fetchurl { <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-2' />
url = "https://github.com/ssbc/patchwork/releases/download/v3.11.4/Patchwork-3.11.4-linux-x86_64.AppImage";
sha256 = "1blsprpkvm0ws9b96gb36f0rbf8f5jgmw4x6dsb1kswr4ysf591s";
};
extraPkgs = pkgs: with pkgs; [ ]; <co xml:id='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-3' />
}</programlisting>
<calloutlist>
<callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-1'>
<para>
<varname>name</varname> specifies the name of the resulting image.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-2'>
<para>
<varname>src</varname> specifies the AppImage file to extract.
</para>
</callout>
<callout arearefs='ex-appimageTools-wrapping-3'>
<para>
<varname>extraPkgs</varname> allows you to pass a function to include additional packages inside the FHS environment your AppImage is going to run in. There are a few ways to learn which dependencies an application needs:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Looking through the extracted AppImage files, reading its scripts and running <command>patchelf</command> and <command>ldd</command> on its executables. This can also be done in <command>appimage-run</command>, by setting <command>APPIMAGE_DEBUG_EXEC=bash</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Running <command>strace -vfefile</command> on the wrapped executable, looking for libraries that can't be found.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</callout>
</calloutlist>
</section>
</section>

View file

@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
let
inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools firefox;
in snapTools.makeSnap {
meta = {
name = "nix-example-firefox";
summary = firefox.meta.description;
architectures = [ "amd64" ];
apps.nix-example-firefox = {
command = "${firefox}/bin/firefox";
plugs = [
"pulseaudio"
"camera"
"browser-support"
"avahi-observe"
"cups-control"
"desktop"
"desktop-legacy"
"gsettings"
"home"
"network"
"mount-observe"
"removable-media"
"x11"
];
};
confinement = "strict";
};
}

View file

@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
let
inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools hello;
in snapTools.makeSnap {
meta = {
name = "hello";
summary = hello.meta.description;
description = hello.meta.longDescription;
architectures = [ "amd64" ];
confinement = "strict";
apps.hello.command = "${hello}/bin/hello";
};
}

View file

@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
# pkgs.snapTools {#sec-pkgs-snapTools}
`pkgs.snapTools` is a set of functions for creating Snapcraft images. Snap and Snapcraft is not used to perform these operations.
## The makeSnap Function {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-makeSnap-signature}
`makeSnap` takes a single named argument, `meta`. This argument mirrors [the upstream `snap.yaml` format](https://docs.snapcraft.io/snap-format) exactly.
The `base` should not be specified, as `makeSnap` will force set it.
Currently, `makeSnap` does not support creating GUI stubs.
## Build a Hello World Snap {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-hello}
The following expression packages GNU Hello as a Snapcraft snap.
```{#ex-snapTools-buildSnap-hello .nix}
let
inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools hello;
in snapTools.makeSnap {
meta = {
name = "hello";
summary = hello.meta.description;
description = hello.meta.longDescription;
architectures = [ "amd64" ];
confinement = "strict";
apps.hello.command = "${hello}/bin/hello";
};
}
```
`nix-build` this expression and install it with `snap install ./result --dangerous`. `hello` will now be the Snapcraft version of the package.
## Build a Graphical Snap {#ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-firefox}
Graphical programs require many more integrations with the host. This example uses Firefox as an example, because it is one of the most complicated programs we could package.
```{#ex-snapTools-buildSnap-firefox .nix}
let
inherit (import <nixpkgs> { }) snapTools firefox;
in snapTools.makeSnap {
meta = {
name = "nix-example-firefox";
summary = firefox.meta.description;
architectures = [ "amd64" ];
apps.nix-example-firefox = {
command = "${firefox}/bin/firefox";
plugs = [
"pulseaudio"
"camera"
"browser-support"
"avahi-observe"
"cups-control"
"desktop"
"desktop-legacy"
"gsettings"
"home"
"network"
"mount-observe"
"removable-media"
"x11"
];
};
confinement = "strict";
};
}
```
`nix-build` this expression and install it with `snap install ./result --dangerous`. `nix-example-firefox` will now be the Snapcraft version of the Firefox package.
The specific meaning behind plugs can be looked up in the [Snapcraft interface documentation](https://docs.snapcraft.io/supported-interfaces).

View file

@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
xml:id="sec-pkgs-snapTools">
<title>pkgs.snapTools</title>
<para>
<varname>pkgs.snapTools</varname> is a set of functions for creating Snapcraft images. Snap and Snapcraft is not used to perform these operations.
</para>
<section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-snapTools-makeSnap-signature">
<title>The makeSnap Function</title>
<para>
<function>makeSnap</function> takes a single named argument, <parameter>meta</parameter>. This argument mirrors <link xlink:href="https://docs.snapcraft.io/snap-format">the upstream <filename>snap.yaml</filename> format</link> exactly.
</para>
<para>
The <parameter>base</parameter> should not be specified, as <function>makeSnap</function> will force set it.
</para>
<para>
Currently, <function>makeSnap</function> does not support creating GUI stubs.
</para>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-hello">
<title>Build a Hello World Snap</title>
<example xml:id="ex-snapTools-buildSnap-hello">
<title>Making a Hello World Snap</title>
<para>
The following expression packages GNU Hello as a Snapcraft snap.
</para>
<programlisting><xi:include href="./snap/example-hello.nix" parse="text" /></programlisting>
<para>
<command>nix-build</command> this expression and install it with <command>snap install ./result --dangerous</command>. <command>hello</command> will now be the Snapcraft version of the package.
</para>
</example>
</section>
<section xml:id="ssec-pkgs-snapTools-build-a-snap-firefox">
<title>Build a Hello World Snap</title>
<example xml:id="ex-snapTools-buildSnap-firefox">
<title>Making a Graphical Snap</title>
<para>
Graphical programs require many more integrations with the host. This example uses Firefox as an example, because it is one of the most complicated programs we could package.
</para>
<programlisting><xi:include href="./snap/example-firefox.nix" parse="text" /></programlisting>
<para>
<command>nix-build</command> this expression and install it with <command>snap install ./result --dangerous</command>. <command>nix-example-firefox</command> will now be the Snapcraft version of the Firefox package.
</para>
<para>
The specific meaning behind plugs can be looked up in the <link xlink:href="https://docs.snapcraft.io/supported-interfaces">Snapcraft interface documentation</link>.
</para>
</example>
</section>
</section>