nixpkgs/nixos/modules/services/networking/firewall.nix

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/* This module enables a simple firewall.
The firewall can be customised in arbitrary ways by setting
networking.firewall.extraCommands. For modularity, the firewall
uses several chains:
- nixos-fw is the main chain for input packet processing.
- nixos-fw-accept is called for accepted packets. If you want
additional logging, or want to reject certain packets anyway, you
can insert rules at the start of this chain.
- nixos-fw-log-refuse and nixos-fw-refuse are called for
refused packets. (The former jumps to the latter after logging
the packet.) If you want additional logging, or want to accept
certain packets anyway, you can insert rules at the start of
this chain.
- nixos-fw-rpfilter is used as the main chain in the raw table,
called from the built-in PREROUTING chain. If the kernel
supports it and `cfg.checkReversePath` is set this chain will
perform a reverse path filter test.
- nixos-drop is used while reloading the firewall in order to drop
all traffic. Since reloading isn't implemented in an atomic way
this'll prevent any traffic from leaking through while reloading
the firewall. However, if the reloading fails, the firewall-stop
script will be called which in return will effectively disable the
complete firewall (in the default configuration).
*/
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
with lib;
let
cfg = config.networking.firewall;
inherit (config.boot.kernelPackages) kernel;
kernelHasRPFilter = ((kernel.config.isEnabled or (x: false)) "IP_NF_MATCH_RPFILTER") || (kernel.features.netfilterRPFilter or false);
helpers =
''
# Helper command to manipulate both the IPv4 and IPv6 tables.
ip46tables() {
iptables -w "$@"
${optionalString config.networking.enableIPv6 ''
ip6tables -w "$@"
''}
}
'';
writeShScript = name: text: let dir = pkgs.writeScriptBin name ''
#! ${pkgs.runtimeShell} -e
${text}
''; in "${dir}/bin/${name}";
defaultInterface = { default = mapAttrs (name: value: cfg.${name}) commonOptions; };
allInterfaces = defaultInterface // cfg.interfaces;
startScript = writeShScript "firewall-start" ''
${helpers}
# Flush the old firewall rules. !!! Ideally, updating the
# firewall would be atomic. Apparently that's possible
# with iptables-restore.
ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-fw 2> /dev/null || true
for chain in nixos-fw nixos-fw-accept nixos-fw-log-refuse nixos-fw-refuse; do
ip46tables -F "$chain" 2> /dev/null || true
ip46tables -X "$chain" 2> /dev/null || true
done
# The "nixos-fw-accept" chain just accepts packets.
ip46tables -N nixos-fw-accept
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-accept -j ACCEPT
# The "nixos-fw-refuse" chain rejects or drops packets.
ip46tables -N nixos-fw-refuse
${if cfg.rejectPackets then ''
# Send a reset for existing TCP connections that we've
# somehow forgotten about. Send ICMP "port unreachable"
# for everything else.
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-refuse -p tcp ! --syn -j REJECT --reject-with tcp-reset
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-refuse -j REJECT
'' else ''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-refuse -j DROP
''}
# The "nixos-fw-log-refuse" chain performs logging, then
# jumps to the "nixos-fw-refuse" chain.
ip46tables -N nixos-fw-log-refuse
${optionalString cfg.logRefusedConnections ''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -p tcp --syn -j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "refused connection: "
''}
${optionalString (cfg.logRefusedPackets && !cfg.logRefusedUnicastsOnly) ''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -m pkttype --pkt-type broadcast \
-j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "refused broadcast: "
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -m pkttype --pkt-type multicast \
-j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "refused multicast: "
''}
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -m pkttype ! --pkt-type unicast -j nixos-fw-refuse
${optionalString cfg.logRefusedPackets ''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse \
-j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "refused packet: "
''}
ip46tables -A nixos-fw-log-refuse -j nixos-fw-refuse
# The "nixos-fw" chain does the actual work.
ip46tables -N nixos-fw
# Clean up rpfilter rules
ip46tables -t raw -D PREROUTING -j nixos-fw-rpfilter 2> /dev/null || true
ip46tables -t raw -F nixos-fw-rpfilter 2> /dev/null || true
ip46tables -t raw -X nixos-fw-rpfilter 2> /dev/null || true
${optionalString (kernelHasRPFilter && (cfg.checkReversePath != false)) ''
# Perform a reverse-path test to refuse spoofers
# For now, we just drop, as the raw table doesn't have a log-refuse yet
ip46tables -t raw -N nixos-fw-rpfilter 2> /dev/null || true
ip46tables -t raw -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -m rpfilter --validmark ${optionalString (cfg.checkReversePath == "loose") "--loose"} -j RETURN
# Allows this host to act as a DHCP4 client without first having to use APIPA
iptables -t raw -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -p udp --sport 67 --dport 68 -j RETURN
# Allows this host to act as a DHCPv4 server
iptables -t raw -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -s 0.0.0.0 -d 255.255.255.255 -p udp --sport 68 --dport 67 -j RETURN
${optionalString cfg.logReversePathDrops ''
ip46tables -t raw -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -j LOG --log-level info --log-prefix "rpfilter drop: "
''}
ip46tables -t raw -A nixos-fw-rpfilter -j DROP
ip46tables -t raw -A PREROUTING -j nixos-fw-rpfilter
''}
# Accept all traffic on the trusted interfaces.
${flip concatMapStrings cfg.trustedInterfaces (iface: ''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw -i ${iface} -j nixos-fw-accept
'')}
# Accept packets from established or related connections.
ip46tables -A nixos-fw -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j nixos-fw-accept
# Accept connections to the allowed TCP ports.
${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (iface: cfg:
concatMapStrings (port:
''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw -p tcp --dport ${toString port} -j nixos-fw-accept ${optionalString (iface != "default") "-i ${iface}"}
''
) cfg.allowedTCPPorts
) allInterfaces)}
# Accept connections to the allowed TCP port ranges.
${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (iface: cfg:
concatMapStrings (rangeAttr:
let range = toString rangeAttr.from + ":" + toString rangeAttr.to; in
''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw -p tcp --dport ${range} -j nixos-fw-accept ${optionalString (iface != "default") "-i ${iface}"}
''
) cfg.allowedTCPPortRanges
) allInterfaces)}
# Accept packets on the allowed UDP ports.
${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (iface: cfg:
concatMapStrings (port:
''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw -p udp --dport ${toString port} -j nixos-fw-accept ${optionalString (iface != "default") "-i ${iface}"}
''
) cfg.allowedUDPPorts
) allInterfaces)}
# Accept packets on the allowed UDP port ranges.
${concatStrings (mapAttrsToList (iface: cfg:
concatMapStrings (rangeAttr:
let range = toString rangeAttr.from + ":" + toString rangeAttr.to; in
''
ip46tables -A nixos-fw -p udp --dport ${range} -j nixos-fw-accept ${optionalString (iface != "default") "-i ${iface}"}
''
) cfg.allowedUDPPortRanges
) allInterfaces)}
# Accept IPv4 multicast. Not a big security risk since
# probably nobody is listening anyway.
#iptables -A nixos-fw -d 224.0.0.0/4 -j nixos-fw-accept
# Optionally respond to ICMPv4 pings.
${optionalString cfg.allowPing ''
iptables -w -A nixos-fw -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request ${optionalString (cfg.pingLimit != null)
"-m limit ${cfg.pingLimit} "
}-j nixos-fw-accept
''}
${optionalString config.networking.enableIPv6 ''
# Accept all ICMPv6 messages except redirects and node
# information queries (type 139). See RFC 4890, section
# 4.4.
ip6tables -A nixos-fw -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type redirect -j DROP
ip6tables -A nixos-fw -p icmpv6 --icmpv6-type 139 -j DROP
ip6tables -A nixos-fw -p icmpv6 -j nixos-fw-accept
# Allow this host to act as a DHCPv6 client
ip6tables -A nixos-fw -d fe80::/64 -p udp --dport 546 -j nixos-fw-accept
''}
${cfg.extraCommands}
# Reject/drop everything else.
ip46tables -A nixos-fw -j nixos-fw-log-refuse
# Enable the firewall.
ip46tables -A INPUT -j nixos-fw
'';
stopScript = writeShScript "firewall-stop" ''
${helpers}
# Clean up in case reload fails
ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
# Clean up after added ruleset
ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-fw 2>/dev/null || true
${optionalString (kernelHasRPFilter && (cfg.checkReversePath != false)) ''
ip46tables -t raw -D PREROUTING -j nixos-fw-rpfilter 2>/dev/null || true
''}
${cfg.extraStopCommands}
'';
reloadScript = writeShScript "firewall-reload" ''
${helpers}
# Create a unique drop rule
ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
ip46tables -F nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
ip46tables -X nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
ip46tables -N nixos-drop
ip46tables -A nixos-drop -j DROP
# Don't allow traffic to leak out until the script has completed
ip46tables -A INPUT -j nixos-drop
${cfg.extraStopCommands}
if ${startScript}; then
ip46tables -D INPUT -j nixos-drop 2>/dev/null || true
else
echo "Failed to reload firewall... Stopping"
${stopScript}
exit 1
fi
'';
canonicalizePortList =
ports: lib.unique (builtins.sort builtins.lessThan ports);
commonOptions = {
allowedTCPPorts = mkOption {
type = types.listOf types.port;
default = [ ];
apply = canonicalizePortList;
example = [ 22 80 ];
description =
''
List of TCP ports on which incoming connections are
accepted.
'';
};
allowedTCPPortRanges = mkOption {
type = types.listOf (types.attrsOf types.port);
default = [ ];
example = [ { from = 8999; to = 9003; } ];
description =
''
A range of TCP ports on which incoming connections are
accepted.
'';
};
allowedUDPPorts = mkOption {
type = types.listOf types.port;
default = [ ];
apply = canonicalizePortList;
example = [ 53 ];
description =
''
List of open UDP ports.
'';
};
allowedUDPPortRanges = mkOption {
type = types.listOf (types.attrsOf types.port);
default = [ ];
example = [ { from = 60000; to = 61000; } ];
description =
''
Range of open UDP ports.
'';
};
};
in
{
###### interface
options = {
networking.firewall = {
enable = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = true;
description =
''
Whether to enable the firewall. This is a simple stateful
firewall that blocks connection attempts to unauthorised TCP
or UDP ports on this machine. It does not affect packet
forwarding.
'';
};
package = mkOption {
type = types.package;
default = pkgs.iptables;
defaultText = "pkgs.iptables";
example = literalExample "pkgs.iptables-nftables-compat";
description =
''
The iptables package to use for running the firewall service."
'';
};
logRefusedConnections = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = true;
description =
''
Whether to log rejected or dropped incoming connections.
'';
};
logRefusedPackets = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
description =
''
Whether to log all rejected or dropped incoming packets.
This tends to give a lot of log messages, so it's mostly
useful for debugging.
'';
};
logRefusedUnicastsOnly = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = true;
description =
''
If <option>networking.firewall.logRefusedPackets</option>
and this option are enabled, then only log packets
specifically directed at this machine, i.e., not broadcasts
or multicasts.
'';
};
rejectPackets = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
description =
''
If set, refused packets are rejected rather than dropped
(ignored). This means that an ICMP "port unreachable" error
message is sent back to the client (or a TCP RST packet in
case of an existing connection). Rejecting packets makes
port scanning somewhat easier.
'';
};
trustedInterfaces = mkOption {
type = types.listOf types.str;
default = [ ];
example = [ "enp0s2" ];
description =
''
Traffic coming in from these interfaces will be accepted
unconditionally. Traffic from the loopback (lo) interface
will always be accepted.
'';
};
allowPing = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = true;
description =
''
Whether to respond to incoming ICMPv4 echo requests
("pings"). ICMPv6 pings are always allowed because the
larger address space of IPv6 makes network scanning much
less effective.
'';
};
pingLimit = mkOption {
type = types.nullOr (types.separatedString " ");
default = null;
example = "--limit 1/minute --limit-burst 5";
description =
''
If pings are allowed, this allows setting rate limits
on them. If non-null, this option should be in the form of
flags like "--limit 1/minute --limit-burst 5"
'';
};
checkReversePath = mkOption {
type = types.either types.bool (types.enum ["strict" "loose"]);
default = kernelHasRPFilter;
example = "loose";
description =
''
Performs a reverse path filter test on a packet. If a reply
to the packet would not be sent via the same interface that
the packet arrived on, it is refused.
If using asymmetric routing or other complicated routing, set
this option to loose mode or disable it and setup your own
counter-measures.
This option can be either true (or "strict"), "loose" (only
drop the packet if the source address is not reachable via any
interface) or false. Defaults to the value of
kernelHasRPFilter.
(needs kernel 3.3+)
'';
};
logReversePathDrops = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
description =
''
Logs dropped packets failing the reverse path filter test if
the option networking.firewall.checkReversePath is enabled.
'';
};
connectionTrackingModules = mkOption {
type = types.listOf types.str;
default = [ ];
example = [ "ftp" "irc" "sane" "sip" "tftp" "amanda" "h323" "netbios_sn" "pptp" "snmp" ];
description =
''
List of connection-tracking helpers that are auto-loaded.
The complete list of possible values is given in the example.
As helpers can pose as a security risk, it is advised to
set this to an empty list and disable the setting
networking.firewall.autoLoadConntrackHelpers unless you
know what you are doing. Connection tracking is disabled
by default.
Loading of helpers is recommended to be done through the
CT target. More info:
https://home.regit.org/netfilter-en/secure-use-of-helpers/
'';
};
autoLoadConntrackHelpers = mkOption {
type = types.bool;
default = false;
description =
''
Whether to auto-load connection-tracking helpers.
See the description at networking.firewall.connectionTrackingModules
(needs kernel 3.5+)
'';
};
extraCommands = mkOption {
type = types.lines;
default = "";
example = "iptables -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT";
description =
''
Additional shell commands executed as part of the firewall
initialisation script. These are executed just before the
final "reject" firewall rule is added, so they can be used
to allow packets that would otherwise be refused.
'';
};
extraPackages = mkOption {
type = types.listOf types.package;
default = [ ];
example = literalExample "[ pkgs.ipset ]";
description =
''
Additional packages to be included in the environment of the system
as well as the path of networking.firewall.extraCommands.
'';
};
extraStopCommands = mkOption {
type = types.lines;
default = "";
example = "iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT";
description =
''
Additional shell commands executed as part of the firewall
shutdown script. These are executed just after the removal
of the NixOS input rule, or if the service enters a failed
state.
'';
};
interfaces = mkOption {
default = { };
type = with types; attrsOf (submodule [ { options = commonOptions; } ]);
description =
''
Interface-specific open ports.
'';
};
} // commonOptions;
};
###### implementation
# FIXME: Maybe if `enable' is false, the firewall should still be
# built but not started by default?
config = mkIf cfg.enable {
networking.firewall.trustedInterfaces = [ "lo" ];
environment.systemPackages = [ cfg.package ] ++ cfg.extraPackages;
boot.kernelModules = (optional cfg.autoLoadConntrackHelpers "nf_conntrack")
++ map (x: "nf_conntrack_${x}") cfg.connectionTrackingModules;
boot.extraModprobeConfig = optionalString cfg.autoLoadConntrackHelpers ''
options nf_conntrack nf_conntrack_helper=1
'';
assertions = [ { assertion = (cfg.checkReversePath != false) || kernelHasRPFilter;
message = "This kernel does not support rpfilter"; }
];
systemd.services.firewall = {
description = "Firewall";
wantedBy = [ "sysinit.target" ];
wants = [ "network-pre.target" ];
before = [ "network-pre.target" ];
after = [ "systemd-modules-load.service" ];
path = [ cfg.package ] ++ cfg.extraPackages;
# FIXME: this module may also try to load kernel modules, but
# containers don't have CAP_SYS_MODULE. So the host system had
# better have all necessary modules already loaded.
unitConfig.ConditionCapability = "CAP_NET_ADMIN";
unitConfig.DefaultDependencies = false;
reloadIfChanged = true;
serviceConfig = {
Type = "oneshot";
RemainAfterExit = true;
ExecStart = "@${startScript} firewall-start";
ExecReload = "@${reloadScript} firewall-reload";
ExecStop = "@${stopScript} firewall-stop";
};
};
};
}